Vedatom Physics Thermodynamics / ▤ The Full Book
Heat & work — sign convention
First law: ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW — heat supplied = rise in internal energy + work done by the gas.
Heat Q: + when supplied TO the system, − when released.
Work W: + when done BY the gas (expansion), − on compression.
ΔU depends only on the end states (a state function); Q and W depend on the path. Over a full cycle ΔU = 0.
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Thermo Lab · all topics
Part III · Thermodynamics · ▤ The Full Book

The Full Book

The whole of heat and thermodynamics, written to read start to finish — every derivation, worked example and exam-ready problem bank, with the live benches embedded inline at the moment each idea appears.

The books

three volumes · JEE-Advanced depth
01 Thermal Properties of Matter
Temperature and its scales, thermal expansion and stress, the anomalous expansion of water, calorimetry and latent heat, and heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation — closing with Newton’s law of cooling.
29 examples · 50-question bank · 7 benches · 7 diagrams
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02 Laws of Thermodynamics
The zeroth and first laws, work as the area under a PV path, the four standard processes, entropy and the second law, the Carnot cycle and its efficiency, refrigerators and heat pumps — the flagship of the chapter.
37 examples · 50-question bank · 6 benches · 13 diagrams
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03 Kinetic Theory of Gases
The molecular model of a gas, pressure from collisions, temperature as kinetic energy, equipartition and specific heats, the Maxwell–Boltzmann speed distribution, mean free path and the transport phenomena.
29 examples · 50-question bank · 5 benches · 10 diagrams
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The six Lab modules are woven across these three books — thermometry, expansion and calorimetry into Thermal Properties; the PV lab, engines and the second law into Laws; the gas box and speed distribution into Kinetic Theory.

Prefer the instruments?
The Lab holds all six modules as hands-on benches — squeeze the gas, drag the PV path, run the Carnot cycle.
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