Vedatom Physics Modern Physics / ◈ The Lab
The quantum toolkit
h = 6.63×10⁻³⁴ J·s
h = 4.14×10⁻¹⁵ eV·s
hc = 1240 eV·nm
c = 3.00×10⁸ m/s
e = 1.60×10⁻¹⁹ C
1 eV = 1.60×10⁻¹⁹ J
mₑ = 0.511 MeV/c²
1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²
R = 1.097×10⁷ m⁻¹
1 fm = 10⁻¹⁵ m
Energies in eV, masses in u or MeV/c², nuclear sizes in fm. Keep hc = 1240 eV·nm close — it turns almost every photon problem into one line.
full reference ↗
Modern Physics · six modules all six benches live
Part VI · Modern Physics

Modern Physics

every element, a barcode of light

Where the classical picture finally breaks down. Light arrives in quanta, atoms keep only certain energies, nuclei decay on their own clock — and every spectrum is a fingerprint. The bench is a black field; whatever is live glows.

6 modules/ photon → atom → nucleus → spacetime/ the last chapter
Bench · hydrogen emission
Balmer series
380 700 nm n=2 n=6 E = hf = E i − E f scanning the visible… λ = nm line =
Rydberg — 1 λ = R 14 1

The six modules

photon → atom → nucleus → spacetime

The whole quantum-and-beyond arc, one bench per topic. The first bench is free — unlock the rest to open every signature simulation, worked example and exam bank.

01 Photoelectric Effect & Dual Nature open ↗
hf KEmax hf = φ + KEmax
Light lands in lumps — work function, threshold frequency, stopping potential, then de Broglie turns the electron into a wave.
work function · stopping potential · matter waves
★ signature bench — the photocell & V–I curve
02 Bohr Atom & Atomic Spectra 🔒 Locked
n=2 hf
Only certain orbits are allowed — energy levels, the Rydberg formula, and the line series that fingerprint every element.
energy levels · Rydberg · Lyman/Balmer/Paschen
★ signature bench — the interactive spectrum
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03 X-rays 🔒 Locked
λmin
The other end of the spectrum — a continuous braking curve with a sharp cutoff, characteristic peaks, Moseley's law and Bragg reflection.
continuous & characteristic · Moseley · Bragg
★ signature bench — the X-ray tube spectrum
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04 Semiconductors & Devices 🔒 Locked
CB VB Eg
From band gaps to gadgets — doping, the p–n junction, diodes and rectifiers, transistors and the logic gates built from them.
bands & doping · p–n junction · diode · logic
★ signature bench — the p–n junction & diode I–V
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05 The Nucleus & Radioactivity 🔒 Locked
N₀e⁻λt
Mass becomes energy — binding energy per nucleon, α/β/γ decay, the decay law and half-life, then fission and fusion.
binding energy · decay law · fission & fusion
★ signature bench — the radioactive decay clock
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06 Special Relativity 🔒 Locked
ct x
Two postulates, strange consequences — time dilation, length contraction, the relativity of simultaneity, and E = mc².
time dilation · length contraction · E = mc²
★ signature bench — the light-clock & γ dial
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One emission line per module
Each module keeps a single spectral colour — violet through red, like a real emission series — for its tags, left-bars and section numbers. The same hue always means the same module. Cyan is reserved for whatever is live.
photonatomnucleusspacetime
Read it as a book
Every derivation, worked example and exam bank as a full chapter reader — with these benches embedded inline where each idea lands.
Open the library ↗
Glossary & the quantum toolkit
Every definition, constant and formula across the six modules — one printable sheet, stacked fractions and all. constants primer ↗ conventions.html
open ↗